{"id":2115,"date":"2025-11-19T10:27:02","date_gmt":"2025-11-19T10:27:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/?page_id=2115"},"modified":"2026-03-03T08:52:59","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T08:52:59","slug":"granulomatous-mastitis-treatment","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"Granulomatous Mastitis Treatment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n  <div class=\"banner has-hover\" id=\"banner-785279290\">\n          <div class=\"banner-inner fill\">\n        <div class=\"banner-bg fill\" >\n            <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"574\" src=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Granulomatoz-Mastit-1400x788.jpg\" class=\"bg attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Ankara\">                                    \n                    <\/div>\n\t\t\n        <div class=\"banner-layers container\">\n            <div class=\"fill banner-link\"><\/div>            \n   <div id=\"text-box-1212455229\" class=\"text-box banner-layer x50 md-x50 lg-x50 y50 md-y50 lg-y50 res-text\">\n                                <div class=\"text-box-content text dark\">\n              \n              <div class=\"text-inner text-center\">\n                  \n              <\/div>\n           <\/div>\n                            \n<style>\n#text-box-1212455229 {\n  width: 60%;\n}\n#text-box-1212455229 .text-box-content {\n  font-size: 100%;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #text-box-1212455229 {\n    width: 60%;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n    <\/div>\n \n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n            \n<style>\n#banner-785279290 {\n  padding-top: 400px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #banner-785279290 {\n    padding-top: 40%;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1076964044\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n  <div id=\"page-header-899020802\" class=\"page-header-wrapper\">\n  <div class=\"page-title dark simple-title\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"page-title-inner container align-center text-center flex-row-col medium-flex-wrap\" >\n              <div class=\"title-wrapper flex-col\">\n          <h1 class=\"entry-title mb-0\">\n            Granulomatous Mastitis Treatment in Ankara, Turkey          <\/h1>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"title-content flex-col\">\n        <div class=\"title-breadcrumbs pb-half pt-half\"><\/div>      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n       <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1076964044 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n  background-color: #aa2665;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1096914025\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-382434764\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-865645183\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<p>Granulomatous mastitis is a rare condition that presents as a chronic and inflammatory disease of the breast. It is mostly seen in women of childbearing age and manifests with a painful breast mass, redness, and swelling. The diagnosis is confirmed by clinical evaluation and biopsy.<\/p>\n<p>In the treatment of granulomatous mastitis, medical therapy is generally preferred. Inflammation is controlled with antibiotics, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressive medications. Surgical intervention is considered in cases that do not respond to treatment.<\/p>\n<p>Due to the long course of the disease and the risk of recurrence, patients with granulomatous mastitis should be monitored regularly. During the treatment process, the development of abscess or fistula in the breast tissue should be followed closely.<\/p>\n<p>Differential diagnosis in granulomatous mastitis is important because it may be confused with malignant diseases such as breast cancer. With accurate diagnosis and an individualized treatment approach, complications of the disease can be minimized and quality of life can be maintained.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>What You Need to Know<\/td>\n<td>Information<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Disease Definition<\/td>\n<td>Granulomatous mastitis is a benign but chronic inflammatory disease of the breast, usually seen in women of childbearing age.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Causes<\/td>\n<td>Although the exact cause is unknown, it is thought to be associated with autoimmune mechanisms, hormonal factors, elevated prolactin levels, and certain bacterial infections.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Symptoms<\/td>\n<td>Hardness, swelling, pain, redness, discharge, skin retraction, fistula formation, and sometimes fever may be seen in the breast.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Diagnostic Methods<\/td>\n<td>Histopathological evaluation is required, and biopsy must be performed along with imaging methods such as ultrasonography, mammography, and MRI.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Differential Diagnosis<\/td>\n<td>It may clinically and radiologically resemble breast cancer; tissue diagnosis is essential for differential diagnosis.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Treatment Methods<\/td>\n<td>Steroid therapy, immunosuppressive drugs, antibiotics, and surgical intervention in resistant cases may be applied.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Surgical Intervention<\/td>\n<td>Options such as abscess drainage, excision of the lesion, or segmental resection in widespread disease may be performed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Medical Therapy<\/td>\n<td>Corticosteroids are the most commonly used medications; the duration of treatment may vary from person to person.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Follow-up Process<\/td>\n<td>Long-term follow-up may be required; there is a possibility of relapse (recurrence).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Risk of Recurrence<\/td>\n<td>Despite treatment, the disease may recur in some cases; this may require more aggressive treatment.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Relation to Breastfeeding<\/td>\n<td>It is frequently seen in postpartum breastfeeding women; it may occur or flare during the breastfeeding period.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Psychological Impact<\/td>\n<td>It may cause significant stress and anxiety in the patient because it can raise suspicion of cancer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Duration of Treatment<\/td>\n<td>The treatment process may take months; multidisciplinary follow-up is important.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-865645183 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1096914025 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_2034351843\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"is-border\"\n\t\tstyle=\"border-width:-50px 0px 0px 0px;margin:-50px 0px 0px 0px;\">\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1658726578\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-933719029\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<p>You can contact Prof. Dr. Ebru Soy, one of the doctors performing  in Ankara, to get information about  prices, the process, and the hospital where  is performed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-933719029 > .col-inner {\n  margin: -60px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1928928340\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner dark\" style=\"background-color:#aa2665;\" >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row align-center\"  id=\"row-1672081223\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1316845188\" class=\"col medium-5 small-12 large-5\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover border-gorsel-hakkimda x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_1361109519\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"653\" height=\"789\" src=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ebrusoy-hakkimda.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"Ankara\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ebrusoy-hakkimda.webp 653w, https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ebrusoy-hakkimda-331x400.webp 331w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 653px) 100vw, 653px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_1361109519 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1736171041\" class=\"col medium-7 small-12 large-7\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"text-69595423\" class=\"text\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<div><strong>Prof. Dr. Ebru Ayvazo\u011flu Soy<\/strong><\/div>\r\n\t\t\n<style>\n#text-69595423 {\n  font-size: 1.25rem;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #text-69595423 {\n    font-size: 2rem;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\t<div id=\"text-2074655648\" class=\"text text-justify\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Education;<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>High School:<\/strong> TED Ankara College \u2013 Graduation: 1998<br \/><strong>Faculty of Medicine:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/tip.hacettepe.edu.tr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine<\/a> \u2013 Graduation: 2005<br \/><strong>Specialization:<\/strong> General Surgery Residency Training \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/tip.baskent.edu.tr\/kw\/index.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ba\u015fkent University Faculty of Medicine<\/a>, Department of General Surgery \u2013 2012<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Post-Specialization Career;<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>2012\u20132014:<\/strong> Compulsory public service \u2013 Mu\u015f State Hospital<br \/><strong>January 2014 \u2013 November 2022:<\/strong> Ba\u015fkent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery \u2013 Served as a specialist physician and later as an academician<br \/><strong>March 2016 \u2013 October 2017:<\/strong> Ba\u015fkent University Istanbul Practice Hospital \u2013 Deputy Director Responsible for Liver Transplantation<br \/><strong>June 2020 \u2013 November 2022:<\/strong> Ba\u015fkent University Ankara Hospital \u2013 Director of the International Patient Department<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/about-me\/\" class=\"button white is-outline is-small\" style=\"border-radius:99px;\">\n\t\t<span>Review Resume<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send\/?phone=905319478498\" class=\"button white is-small\" style=\"border-radius:99px;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t<span>Get in Touch<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1928928340 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 30px 30px 1px 30px;\n  margin: -30px 0px -40px 0px;\n  border-radius: 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_2034351843 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1004606709\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1379864459\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1581209990\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#What_Is_Granulomatous_Mastitis\" >What Is Granulomatous Mastitis?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#Who_is_granulomatous_mastitis_most_commonly_seen_in\" >Who is granulomatous mastitis most commonly seen in?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#Why_does_this_type_of_mastitis_occur_and_what_is_its_relation_to_the_immune_system\" >Why does this type of mastitis occur and what is its relation to the immune system?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#What_is_the_gold_standard_in_diagnosing_granulomatous_mastitis\" >What is the gold standard in diagnosing granulomatous mastitis?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#Why_is_having_a_biopsy_so_vital\" >Why is having a biopsy so vital?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#What_are_the_most_common_complaints_of_patients_with_granulomatous_mastitis\" >What are the most common complaints of patients with granulomatous mastitis?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#Which_external_appearance_changes_in_the_breast_raise_concern_for_cancer\" >Which external appearance changes in the breast raise concern for cancer?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#Why_is_it_important_to_distinguish_granulomatous_mastitis_from_breast_tuberculosis\" >Why is it important to distinguish granulomatous mastitis from breast tuberculosis?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#Which_imaging_methods_are_used_in_the_diagnostic_process\" >Which imaging methods are used in the diagnostic process?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#Which_biopsy_technique_is_preferred_when_granulomatous_mastitis_is_suspected\" >Which biopsy technique is preferred when granulomatous mastitis is suspected?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#Why_is_granulomatous_mastitis_treatment_so_difficult\" >Why is granulomatous mastitis treatment so difficult?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#How_is_treatment_decided_and_what_is_the_Turkish_Clinical_Classification_IGM-TCC\" >How is treatment decided and what is the Turkish Clinical Classification (IGM-TCC)?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#How_is_mild_Type_1_granulomatous_mastitis_treated\" >How is mild (Type 1) granulomatous mastitis treated?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#What_is_the_first_treatment_option_for_severe_Type_3_granulomatous_mastitis\" >What is the first treatment option for severe (Type 3) granulomatous mastitis?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#How_is_it_decided_that_treatment_is_complete_and_what_does_%E2%80%9CCCR%E2%80%9D_mean\" >How is it decided that treatment is complete and what does &#8220;CCR&#8221; mean?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#What_is_the_role_of_surgery_in_granulomatous_mastitis_treatment\" >What is the role of surgery in granulomatous mastitis treatment?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#What_is_the_best_approach_if_an_abscess_develops\" >What is the best approach if an abscess develops?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#Is_wide_excision_of_the_breast_mass_WLE_a_good_solution\" >Is wide excision of the breast mass (WLE) a good solution?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#If_surgery_is_mandatory_can_the_breast_shape_be_preserved\" >If surgery is mandatory, can the breast shape be preserved?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#What_are_the_risks_and_success_rate_of_cortisone_therapy\" >What are the risks and success rate of cortisone therapy?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#What_treatments_are_used_if_the_disease_recurs\" >What treatments are used if the disease recurs?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#Do_antibiotics_have_a_role_in_granulomatous_mastitis_treatment\" >Do antibiotics have a role in granulomatous mastitis treatment?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions\" >Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#Which_factors_are_considered_in_granulomatous_mastitis_treatment\" >Which factors are considered in granulomatous mastitis treatment?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#Does_granulomatous_mastitis_have_a_different_course_during_pregnancy_or_breastfeeding\" >Does granulomatous mastitis have a different course during pregnancy or breastfeeding?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#What_are_the_differences_between_granulomatous_mastitis_and_infection\" >What are the differences between granulomatous mastitis and infection?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#When_is_surgery_necessary_in_granulomatous_mastitis_treatment\" >When is surgery necessary in granulomatous mastitis treatment?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#Which_complications_may_develop_in_patients_with_granulomatous_mastitis\" >Which complications may develop in patients with granulomatous mastitis?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#What_is_the_risk_of_recurrence_after_granulomatous_mastitis_treatment\" >What is the risk of recurrence after granulomatous mastitis treatment?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#How_is_quality_of_life_affected_in_patients_with_granulomatous_mastitis\" >How is quality of life affected in patients with granulomatous mastitis?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#Which_lifestyle_changes_are_recommended_for_granulomatous_mastitis\" >Which lifestyle changes are recommended for granulomatous mastitis?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#Is_there_a_relationship_between_granulomatous_mastitis_and_breast_cancer\" >Is there a relationship between granulomatous mastitis and breast cancer?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#Will_there_be_deformity_in_the_breast_after_granulomatous_mastitis_treatment\" >Will there be deformity in the breast after granulomatous mastitis treatment?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#How_Long_Does_Granulomatous_Mastitis_Treatment_Take\" >How Long Does Granulomatous Mastitis Treatment Take?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#Which_Doctor_or_Department_Should_You_Visit_for_Granulomatous_Mastitis\" >Which Doctor or Department Should You Visit for Granulomatous Mastitis?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#How_is_granulomatous_mastitis_treated\" >How is granulomatous mastitis treated?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#How_is_the_Prednol_dose_determined_in_granulomatous_mastitis_treatment\" >How is the Prednol dose determined in granulomatous mastitis treatment?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#What_happens_if_granulomatous_mastitis_is_not_treated\" >What happens if granulomatous mastitis is not treated?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#Is_granulomatous_mastitis_cancer\" >Is granulomatous mastitis cancer?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#Can_granulomatous_mastitis_turn_into_cancer\" >Can granulomatous mastitis turn into cancer?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#What_is_the_course_of_cortisone_therapy_in_granulomatous_mastitis\" >What is the course of cortisone therapy in granulomatous mastitis?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/breast-surgery\/granulomatous-mastitis-treatment\/#What_are_the_symptoms_of_granulomatous_mastitis\" >What are the symptoms of granulomatous mastitis?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_Granulomatous_Mastitis\"><\/span>What Is Granulomatous Mastitis?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Granulomatous mastitis is a rare disease that develops due to a chronic, benign but inflammatory process in breast tissue. It is generally seen in women of childbearing age, and although the exact cause is unknown, it is thought to be associated with an immune system response.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Who_is_granulomatous_mastitis_most_commonly_seen_in\"><\/span>Who is granulomatous mastitis most commonly seen in?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>This condition primarily occurs in young women of childbearing age. Having recently given birth is one of the most commonly associated situations. Some factors thought to play a role in the development of the disease include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recent history of pregnancy or childbirth<\/li>\n<li>Use of birth control pills<\/li>\n<li>Elevated milk hormone (prolactin)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Although the average age of occurrence is around the 40s, it can also be seen in much younger or older ages. In recent years, an increase in the frequency of this disease has been noted, especially in certain geographies such as Turkey.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_does_this_type_of_mastitis_occur_and_what_is_its_relation_to_the_immune_system\"><\/span>Why does this type of mastitis occur and what is its relation to the immune system?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Although the exact cause of the disease is unknown, the strongest theory is that this is an autoimmune response. In other words, the body\u2019s immune system somehow becomes \u201cconfused,\u201d perceives its own breast tissue as a foreign substance, and starts attacking it.<\/p>\n<p>It is thought that this disease may not be only a local problem limited to the breast, but sometimes part of a broader immune system dysregulation. Although rare, in some severe cases inflammatory reactions may also be seen elsewhere in the body.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Painful red swellings on the legs (Erythema Nodosum)<\/li>\n<li>Joint pain (Arthritis)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This systemic connection is important from a surgical perspective. If the disease is caused by an underlying systemic immune problem, simply removing the breast mass surgically (wide local excision) will not solve the problem. This also explains why the disease recurs at such a high rate.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_gold_standard_in_diagnosing_granulomatous_mastitis\"><\/span>What is the gold standard in diagnosing granulomatous mastitis?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>For a definitive diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis and to distinguish it from all other dangerous diseases, the gold standard is pathological examination. That is, it is essential to take a biopsy from the suspicious breast mass and examine this tissue under a microscope. Pathologists look for special clusters of inflammation (granulomas) that are \u201cnon-caseating\u201d (i.e., without the cheese-like tissue necrosis seen in tuberculosis) and located around the milk glands (lobules).<\/p>\n<p>Another very critical distinction is made in this examination: Cystic Neutrophilic Granulomatous Mastitis (CNGM). This is a rare subtype of the disease and is often associated with a specific type of bacterium called Corynebacterium. If there are findings in the pathology report suggesting this bacterium, the treatment plan changes completely. In this case, not cortisone but specific and long-term antibiotic therapy is required.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_is_having_a_biopsy_so_vital\"><\/span>Why is having a biopsy so vital?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The necessity of performing a biopsy during the diagnostic process is an indisputable rule. Before starting treatment, biopsy is our only safeguard to exclude two very dangerous conditions.<\/p>\n<p>Excluding Cancer: Granulomatous mastitis frequently mimics breast cancer on both physical examination and imaging (ultrasound, mammography), especially \u201cInflammatory Breast Cancer.\u201d Without a biopsy, the risk of missing a cancer by assuming it is a benign inflammation cannot be taken.<\/p>\n<p>Excluding Infection: The most common treatment for this disease is systemic cortisone or immunosuppressive drugs. If the patient actually has an infection such as Breast Tuberculosis (Mammary Tuberculosis) that can produce similar findings, and cortisone treatment is started without recognizing this, it may cause the tuberculosis infection to worsen significantly and spread throughout the body.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, biopsy serves as the most critical \u201csafety filter\u201d that guides treatment.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_most_common_complaints_of_patients_with_granulomatous_mastitis\"><\/span>What are the most common complaints of patients with granulomatous mastitis?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>This disease can present clinically in very different ways. The reasons patients most commonly seek medical care include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A hard palpable breast mass (most common)<\/li>\n<li>Severe, throbbing breast pain (mastalgia)<\/li>\n<li>Abscess formation in the breast<\/li>\n<li>Abscess opening to the skin (fistula)<\/li>\n<li>Non-healing, chronic discharge<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_external_appearance_changes_in_the_breast_raise_concern_for_cancer\"><\/span>Which external appearance changes in the breast raise concern for cancer?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>As the disease progresses, serious changes may also occur in the external appearance of the breast. These findings are cancer-mimicking signs that worry patients the most and require urgent medical attention.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Widespread redness of the skin<\/li>\n<li>Swelling and edema in the breast<\/li>\n<li>Skin retractions or sores (ulceration)<\/li>\n<li>Nipple inversion<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Orange peel&#8221; appearance (Peau d&#8217;orange)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Especially the \u201corange peel\u201d appearance is also a classic finding of inflammatory breast cancer, so it is vital to consult a general surgery specialist as soon as these symptoms are seen.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_is_it_important_to_distinguish_granulomatous_mastitis_from_breast_tuberculosis\"><\/span>Why is it important to distinguish granulomatous mastitis from breast tuberculosis?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Breast tuberculosis (BT), especially in regions where tuberculosis is common (endemic), is another mimicker that must be considered. Distinguishing between these two diseases is vital because their treatments are completely opposite.<\/p>\n<p>In Granulomatous Mastitis (IGM), the immune system is suppressed (Cortisone).<\/p>\n<p>In Breast Tuberculosis (BT), the infection is eradicated (Anti-tuberculosis drugs).<\/p>\n<p>Giving cortisone to a BT patient by mistake worsens the infection. Giving tuberculosis drugs to an IGM patient by mistake is both unnecessary and causes the underlying disease to progress. Although there may be some clues on examination and history, definitive diagnosis is always pathological.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pain is more severe in IGM.<\/li>\n<li>Axillary lymph node swelling is more common in BT (50% versus 20%).<\/li>\n<li>BT patients may have a history of pulmonary tuberculosis.<\/li>\n<li>IGM patients are generally younger.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1581209990 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1004606709 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_895345008\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-2036611226\">\n\n\n\t<div id=\"col-117390153\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t<div 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0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_2084214922\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-383528894\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-920034788\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_imaging_methods_are_used_in_the_diagnostic_process\"><\/span>Which imaging methods are used in the diagnostic process?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Imaging methods are used to assess the extent of the disease and to guide biopsy. The biggest challenge here is that the findings almost always resemble cancer.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mammography<\/li>\n<li>Ultrasound (US)<\/li>\n<li>Breast MRI (MRI)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ultrasound is the method we use most in diagnosis and follow-up. It usually shows an irregularly bordered, dark (hypoechoic) mass-like area. It also plays a critical role in detecting abscess formation and guiding drainage of that abscess. Breast MRI, on the other hand, is requested especially to understand the full extent of the disease and to identify other foci that may be hidden on mammography and ultrasound.<\/p>\n<p>The fact that imaging findings overlap so much with cancer often causes radiology reports to be rated as BI-RADS 4 (Suspicious) or BI-RADS 5 (Highly Suspicious for Cancer). This scoring means \u201curgent action (biopsy) is required until cancer is excluded.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_biopsy_technique_is_preferred_when_granulomatous_mastitis_is_suspected\"><\/span>Which biopsy technique is preferred when granulomatous mastitis is suspected?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In a suspicious mass, the current approach for tissue diagnosis is an \u201cimage-guided\u201d (usually ultrasound-guided) Core Needle Biopsy (CNB), also known as \u201cTru-Cut Biopsy.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Fine needle aspiration (FNAB) is not sufficient for this disease because it only retrieves scattered cells. We need to see the \u201ctissue architecture,\u201d meaning how those inflammatory cells (granulomas) cluster around the milk glands (lobules). Core needle biopsy allows us to obtain enough tissue to evaluate this architecture.<\/p>\n<p>The tissue sample should be sent to two separate laboratories.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pathology (to distinguish Cancer, IGM, BT)<\/li>\n<li>Microbiology (for cultures for Tuberculosis, Fungi, and Corynebacterium)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_is_granulomatous_mastitis_treatment_so_difficult\"><\/span>Why is granulomatous mastitis treatment so difficult?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The main difficulty in treatment stems from the chronic and recurrent nature of the disease. The course of the disease varies greatly from person to person, and there is not yet a single universally accepted treatment guideline. Treatment decisions require establishing a critical balance between two main goals: controlling the disease and minimizing cosmetic damage to the breast (scars, indentations). Recurrence rates have been reported to be as high as 50% in some series.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_is_treatment_decided_and_what_is_the_Turkish_Clinical_Classification_IGM-TCC\"><\/span>How is treatment decided and what is the Turkish Clinical Classification (IGM-TCC)?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>To provide a more structured approach to this variable disease, severity-based algorithms such as the IGM-Turkey Clinical Classification (IGM-TCC), pioneered by experts in Turkey, have been developed. This classification developed by experts in Turkey provides a roadmap based on disease severity.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Type 1 (Mild Disease)<\/li>\n<li>Type 2 (Moderate Severity)<\/li>\n<li>Type 3 (Severe Disease)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This classification guides the general surgeon toward the most appropriate first-line treatment according to the current state (severity) of the disease.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_is_mild_Type_1_granulomatous_mastitis_treated\"><\/span>How is mild (Type 1) granulomatous mastitis treated?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>If the disease is Type 1 (i.e., the mass is small and symptoms are very mild or absent), the most widely agreed first-line approach is Watchful Waiting.<\/p>\n<p>This approach is based on the fact that granulomatous mastitis can sometimes be a self-limiting disease. In some patients, it can completely resolve on its own within 2 to 24 months without any treatment. The main goal in these mild cases is to avoid exposing the patient to unnecessary cortisone burden or surgical scars.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_first_treatment_option_for_severe_Type_3_granulomatous_mastitis\"><\/span>What is the first treatment option for severe (Type 3) granulomatous mastitis?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>If the disease is Type 3 (i.e., widespread, painful, abscess-forming, and aggressive enough to significantly impair quality of life), the most widely agreed first-line treatment is Systemic Corticosteroid (SS) therapy. Cortisone strongly suppresses this excessive immune response from within.<\/p>\n<p>If the patient has a condition that prevents the use of cortisone (for example uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension), then Immunosuppressive Therapy (IMT), i.e., other medications that suppress the immune system (such as Methotrexate), is recommended as the first option. During pregnancy or breastfeeding, observation is generally preferred.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_is_it_decided_that_treatment_is_complete_and_what_does_%E2%80%9CCCR%E2%80%9D_mean\"><\/span>How is it decided that treatment is complete and what does &#8220;CCR&#8221; mean?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>This is perhaps the most critical point of this treatment. One of the main reasons the disease used to recur so frequently in the past was stopping treatment too early. According to current consensus, treatment should be stopped only when \u201cComplete Clinical and Radiological Remission\u201d (CCR) has been achieved.<\/p>\n<p>CCR means being sure that the disease has completely ended and has two components:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Clinical improvement<\/li>\n<li>Radiological improvement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Stopping treatment by relying only on the disappearance of symptoms (clinical improvement) is not sufficient. It is also necessary to objectively confirm on ultrasound or MRI that the inflammation (abscess, edema) has completely resolved (radiological improvement). \u201cSubclinical\u201d (asymptomatic) inflammatory foci left inside will cause the disease to flare up rapidly once treatment is discontinued.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-920034788 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_2084214922 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_613990907\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-975942222\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1738601023\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"is-border\"\n\t\tstyle=\"border-color:rgb(170, 38, 101);border-radius:20px;border-width:3px 3px 3px 3px;\">\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1988317939\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-479790539\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"text-3163973527\" class=\"text\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<div><strong>Contact Us. <\/strong><\/div>\r\n\t\t\n<style>\n#text-3163973527 {\n  font-size: 1.55rem;\n  color: #aa2665;\n}\n#text-3163973527 > * {\n  color: #aa2665;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #text-3163973527 {\n    font-size: 2.5rem;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\t<div id=\"gap-1822721943\" class=\"gap-element clearfix\" style=\"display:block; height:auto;\">\n\t\t\n<style>\n#gap-1822721943 {\n  padding-top: 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n<div>You can request an online appointment by filling out the form. Our team will contact you as soon as possible.<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1687515805\" class=\"col medium-6 small-12 large-6\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\n<div class=\"wpcf7 no-js\" id=\"wpcf7-f683-o1\" lang=\"en-US\" dir=\"ltr\" data-wpcf7-id=\"683\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-response\"><p role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/p> <ul><\/ul><\/div>\n<form action=\"\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2115#wpcf7-f683-o1\" method=\"post\" class=\"wpcf7-form init\" aria-label=\"Contact form\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\">\n<fieldset class=\"hidden-fields-container\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7\" value=\"683\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_version\" value=\"6.2.3\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_locale\" value=\"en_US\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_unit_tag\" value=\"wpcf7-f683-o1\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_container_post\" value=\"0\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_posted_data_hash\" value=\"\" \/>\n<\/fieldset>\n<div class=\"randevu-form\">\n\t<div class=\"form-row\">\n\t\t<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"text-340\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" autocomplete=\"name\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Full Name\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"text-340\" \/><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"tel-10\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-tel wpcf7-validates-as-required wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-tel\" autocomplete=\"name\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Phone\" value=\"\" type=\"tel\" name=\"tel-10\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"form-full\">\n\t\t<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"text-342\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" autocomplete=\"name\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Briefly write the subject\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"text-342\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<p><button type=\"submit\">Book Appointment<\/button>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/div><p style=\"display: none !important;\" class=\"akismet-fields-container\" data-prefix=\"_wpcf7_ak_\"><label>&#916;<textarea name=\"_wpcf7_ak_hp_textarea\" cols=\"45\" rows=\"8\" maxlength=\"100\"><\/textarea><\/label><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"ak_js_1\" name=\"_wpcf7_ak_js\" value=\"44\"\/><script>\ndocument.getElementById( \"ak_js_1\" ).setAttribute( \"value\", ( new Date() ).getTime() );\n<\/script>\n<\/p><div class=\"wpcf7-response-output\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1687515805 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -45px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1738601023 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 20px 30px 0px 30px;\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n  border-radius: 20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_613990907 {\n  padding-top: 0px;\n  padding-bottom: 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1857102218\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-350491692\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1347256005\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_role_of_surgery_in_granulomatous_mastitis_treatment\"><\/span>What is the role of surgery in granulomatous mastitis treatment?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The role of surgery in granulomatous mastitis treatment has changed and decreased over time. Surgery is now generally reserved for limited situations where it supports medical therapy or where medical therapy fails. Surgery is now a tool used only in specific and mandatory situations.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Diagnostic uncertainty (if biopsy is insufficient)<\/li>\n<li>Abscess and fistula management<\/li>\n<li>Persistent masses not responding to medical therapy (cortisone\/IMT)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_best_approach_if_an_abscess_develops\"><\/span>What is the best approach if an abscess develops?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>When the disease presents with an abscess, the modern approach is to prefer minimally invasive techniques (those causing the least tissue damage). The previously common \u201cIncision and Drainage\u201d (I&amp;D), meaning opening and draining the abscess with a large incision, caused significant indentations and permanent scars in the breast.<\/p>\n<p>Today, instead, Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Drainage is strongly recommended. In this method, the location of the abscess is identified with ultrasound and the abscess is drained through the skin using a thick needle or a thin catheter. This speeds healing and preserves the aesthetic appearance of the breast.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_wide_excision_of_the_breast_mass_WLE_a_good_solution\"><\/span>Is wide excision of the breast mass (WLE) a good solution?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u201cWide Local Excision\u201d (WLE), i.e., surgically removing the inflamed tissue along with some surrounding healthy tissue, is one of the most controversial topics in treatment. The biggest disadvantage of this surgery is the serious cosmetic problems it causes in the breast (large tissue loss, deformities, asymmetry).<\/p>\n<p>In addition, since the disease is often diffuse in the breast, surgical margins may not always be clear, which can lead to recurrence despite surgery. Therefore, today WLE has ceased to be a primary treatment for the disease itself and has become an option reserved only for localized, stubborn cases resistant to medical therapy.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"If_surgery_is_mandatory_can_the_breast_shape_be_preserved\"><\/span>If surgery is mandatory, can the breast shape be preserved?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Yes. If WLE (wide excision) becomes unavoidable, the surgeon needs to obtain wide margins to avoid leaving inflamed tissue behind. This creates a risk of significant volume loss and deformity in the breast.<\/p>\n<p>At this point, Oncoplastic Breast Surgery (OBS) techniques are integrated into the surgical strategy. These techniques aim to reshape the breast while removing diseased tissue.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Therapeutic mammoplasty (with breast reduction techniques)<\/li>\n<li>Local tissue rearrangement (flaps)<\/li>\n<li>Achieving symmetry with the opposite breast<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This approach aims to maintain disease control while also protecting patients\u2019 quality of life and psychological well-being.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_risks_and_success_rate_of_cortisone_therapy\"><\/span>What are the risks and success rate of cortisone therapy?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Systemic corticosteroids are the accepted first-line medical treatment for severe (Type 3) IGM and can provide complete response rates of up to 80%. However, this effectiveness comes at a cost. After treatment is discontinued, a relapse (recurrence) rate of approximately 20% has been reported.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, the treatment duration is usually long. Long-term cortisone use carries risks that must be carefully managed, especially in patients with comorbidities.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Increased blood sugar (Diabetes)<\/li>\n<li>Increased blood pressure<\/li>\n<li>Weight gain<\/li>\n<li>Stomach problems<\/li>\n<li>Risk of osteoporosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_treatments_are_used_if_the_disease_recurs\"><\/span>What treatments are used if the disease recurs?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>If the disease does not respond to initial therapy (for example cortisone) (refractory) or recurs after improvement (relapse), treatment is escalated to the next step. At this stage, Immunosuppressive Therapy (IMT), i.e., immune-suppressing medications (such as Methotrexate), comes into play.<\/p>\n<p>In these difficult, resistant cases, combination therapies are often required.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Methotrexate + Low-dose cortisone<\/li>\n<li>Surgery (WLE) + Cortisone<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_antibiotics_have_a_role_in_granulomatous_mastitis_treatment\"><\/span>Do antibiotics have a role in granulomatous mastitis treatment?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In general, because idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is not an infectious disease, antibiotics are ineffective. Antibiotics are useful only in two specific situations.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CNGM subtype<\/li>\n<li>Secondary infection<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If the diagnosis of Corynebacterium-associated CNGM is confirmed on biopsy, long-term antibiotic therapy is required. Or antibiotics may be used if an existing abscess becomes secondarily infected.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_factors_are_considered_in_granulomatous_mastitis_treatment\"><\/span>Which factors are considered in granulomatous mastitis treatment?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A personalized treatment plan is created by evaluating the patient\u2019s age, disease severity, extent of the lesion, and previously applied treatments.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Does_granulomatous_mastitis_have_a_different_course_during_pregnancy_or_breastfeeding\"><\/span>Does granulomatous mastitis have a different course during pregnancy or breastfeeding?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Although the disease is not directly related to breastfeeding, closer monitoring is required during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Treatment is planned with the safety of the mother and baby in mind.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_differences_between_granulomatous_mastitis_and_infection\"><\/span>What are the differences between granulomatous mastitis and infection?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Granulomatous mastitis is not infection-based; it is an inflammatory disease. While infections are treated with antibiotics, immune-modulating drugs are generally preferred in granulomatous mastitis.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_is_surgery_necessary_in_granulomatous_mastitis_treatment\"><\/span>When is surgery necessary in granulomatous mastitis treatment?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Surgical intervention may be considered in cases that do not respond to medical therapy, show abscess formation, or form a prominent mass. Minimally invasive methods are generally preferred.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_complications_may_develop_in_patients_with_granulomatous_mastitis\"><\/span>Which complications may develop in patients with granulomatous mastitis?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Abscess, skin retraction, chronic wounds, and rarely fistula may develop. A prolonged treatment process can also be psychologically challenging.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_risk_of_recurrence_after_granulomatous_mastitis_treatment\"><\/span>What is the risk of recurrence after granulomatous mastitis treatment?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The risk of relapse is high. Regular follow-up, adherence to treatment, and management of underlying causes can reduce the likelihood of recurrence.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_is_quality_of_life_affected_in_patients_with_granulomatous_mastitis\"><\/span>How is quality of life affected in patients with granulomatous mastitis?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pain, aesthetic concerns, and a long treatment period may reduce quality of life. Psychological support and proper information help the patient manage the process better.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_lifestyle_changes_are_recommended_for_granulomatous_mastitis\"><\/span>Which lifestyle changes are recommended for granulomatous mastitis?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Stress management, balanced and healthy nutrition, and habits that support the immune system contribute to the treatment process.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_there_a_relationship_between_granulomatous_mastitis_and_breast_cancer\"><\/span>Is there a relationship between granulomatous mastitis and breast cancer?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Granulomatous mastitis does not directly cause breast cancer, but because it may be clinically confused with cancer, biopsy and close follow-up are important in diagnosis.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Will_there_be_deformity_in_the_breast_after_granulomatous_mastitis_treatment\"><\/span>Will there be deformity in the breast after granulomatous mastitis treatment?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Indentation, tissue loss, or deformity may occur due to inflammation and surgery. If necessary, correction can be performed with aesthetic surgery.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Long_Does_Granulomatous_Mastitis_Treatment_Take\"><\/span>How Long Does Granulomatous Mastitis Treatment Take?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The duration of granulomatous mastitis treatment may vary depending on the severity of the disease, response to treatment, and the treatment method applied. Generally, treatment may take from a few months up to one year.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_Doctor_or_Department_Should_You_Visit_for_Granulomatous_Mastitis\"><\/span>Which Doctor or Department Should You Visit for Granulomatous Mastitis?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>To evaluate the condition and initiate the treatment process, you should first consult a general surgery specialist, especially a physician experienced in breast surgery.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_is_granulomatous_mastitis_treated\"><\/span>How is granulomatous mastitis treated?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Granulomatous mastitis treatment is planned according to the extent and severity of the disease. The most commonly used method is cortisone therapy. In some patients, antibiotics or immune-modulating medications may be preferred. Surgical intervention may be required in resistant or recurrent cases. The treatment process generally requires regular follow-up.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_is_the_Prednol_dose_determined_in_granulomatous_mastitis_treatment\"><\/span>How is the Prednol dose determined in granulomatous mastitis treatment?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Prednol (corticosteroid) dose is determined by the physician according to the patient\u2019s clinical condition. It is usually started at a low or moderate dose and gradually tapered based on the response of the disease. The dose and duration of treatment are individualized; uncontrolled use without a doctor\u2019s recommendation is definitely not recommended.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_happens_if_granulomatous_mastitis_is_not_treated\"><\/span>What happens if granulomatous mastitis is not treated?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>If left untreated, painful breast masses, draining fistulas, and skin breakdown may develop. The disease may become chronic, leading to recurrent abscesses and deformity of breast tissue. Therefore, early diagnosis and regular follow-up are important.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_granulomatous_mastitis_cancer\"><\/span>Is granulomatous mastitis cancer?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Granulomatous mastitis is not cancer. It is a benign inflammatory breast disease. However, because clinical examination and imaging findings may resemble breast cancer, definitive diagnosis is made by biopsy.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Can_granulomatous_mastitis_turn_into_cancer\"><\/span>Can granulomatous mastitis turn into cancer?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Granulomatous mastitis has no risk of turning into cancer. However, if it is not controlled for a long time, tissue damage in the breast may increase and imaging findings may be confused with cancer. Therefore, regular physician follow-up is important.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_course_of_cortisone_therapy_in_granulomatous_mastitis\"><\/span>What is the course of cortisone therapy in granulomatous mastitis?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Cortisone therapy suppresses the inflammatory process, leading to regression of the mass and pain. Treatment may generally last for several months and the dose is reduced over time. The patient is monitored at regular intervals for possible side effects.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_symptoms_of_granulomatous_mastitis\"><\/span>What are the symptoms of granulomatous mastitis?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The most common symptoms are a painful and firm breast mass, redness, swelling, and increased warmth. In some patients, discharge, skin breakdown, and recurrent abscesses may develop. Symptoms most commonly occur in one breast.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1347256005 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1857102218 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2106,"parent":2111,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-blank.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2115","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2115","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2115"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2115\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2134,"href":"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2115\/revisions\/2134"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2111"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2106"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebruayvazoglu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2115"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}